-theory asserted by german thinkers, that all the wars of the nineteenth to mid twentieth century stem fundamentally from action and reaction to French Republic and (perceived or not) aggression

-in contrast, french will call it Coalition Wars

-French Revolution (1789-99)

-Batavian Revolution (1795)

-Great Irish Rebellion (1796-1802)

-War of Roussin's Fleet (1821-7)

-Haitian War of Independence (1821-30)

-War of the Parthenopean Revolution (1824-32)

-War of the Danish Succession (1847-54)

-Roman Revolution (1848)

-Hungarian War of Independence (1849-54)

-Swedish Revolution (1852)

-Norwegian Revolution (1853)

-1847: Christian VIII of Denmark dies, having no issue a member of the electorate of Hesse-Kassel takes power, and the Duke of Oldenburg issues claim over Schleswig-Holstein backed by Austria; France does not accept this attempt to bring Danish lands under one cohesive state, backing Hesse-Kassel's claim

-1848: Masonic cell in Rome rebels and declares republic, takes over city, Pope flees to Spain, French ships blockade Germany broadly; Germany sees a rally behind the nation in the name of Schleswig

-1849: Croatian army invades Dalmatia and Istria, Italian Navy invades Sardinia and Sicily; Hungarian Diet, convened to approve of war money, instead shoves king's representatives out the door and in a frenzy declares Hungary an independent state; Prague and Bohemia see mass riots in the name of constitutional government, the authorities accept and authorize the assembling of a pan-Bohemian diet

-1850: Italian attack on Croats in Dalmatia and Istria succeeds due to troops divided into fighting Hungary; Sweden declares war against Denmark to gain Norway; Prussia declares war on Austria and takes Galicia; Bohemian Diet convened but alienates workers, causing insurrection, both Diet and Habsburg authorities opposes and suppresses it

-1851: Italy successfully occupies Dalmatia and Istria, Swedish invasion of Danish Norway stopped midway; Austrian troops successfully defeat rebellion in Prague

-1852: Sweden gets revolution and coalition of radicals and moderates form republic on British model, Austria signs separate peace with Italy recognizing its borders, albeit not the fall of the Papacy, freeing trade in Med

-1853: Austrian troops push Prussians out of Hanover, march on Schleswig-Holstein, French counterattack from the Rhine halted, Norway breaks away and becomes a British-style republic

-1854: Final peace between France, Batavian Republic, Denmark, Hungary, and Prussia vs. Austria

-Germany

-Oldenburg gets Schleswig-Holstein

-Prussia loses panhandle

-German customs unions united, German Zollverein to include most German states (except Prussia and the north-west)

-Holy Roman Empire gets a navy

-Burgenland moved to German rule specifically

-Prussia

-takes the remainder of what Habsburgs have of Galicia

-Hungary is now an independent country

-however yields Burgenland incl. Pressburg, as well as Croatia

-Revolutionary Italy after war - declared the United States of Italy (1854)

-Subalpine Republic consisting of Piedmont

-Ligurian Republic consisting of Genoa

-Etrurian Republic consisting of Tuscany

-Cispadane Republic consisting of Parma, Modena and a few small states

-Transpadane Republic consisting of Milan, Mantua, and Venice west of Adige

-State of Lucca consisting of Lucca

-Parthenopean Republic consisting of Naples

-Trinacrian Republic consisting of Sicily

-Melitean Republic consisting of Malta

-Transbenacian Republic consisting of Venice

-also includes Gorizia and Gradisca west of Isonzo River

-Istrian Republic consisting of former Venetian Istria

-Dalmatian Republic consisting of Venetian Dalmatia

-Republic of Ragusa

-Ascruvian Republic consisting of former Venetian Albania

-Bononian Republic consisting of Papal States except Latium

-Ichnusan Republic consisting of Sardinia

-Roman Republic consisting of Latium

-Denmark

-successfully falls under Heads of Denmark > 1847-1892 Vilhelm

-but loses control over Schleswig-Holstein which falls under Oldenburger rule

-Tellian Revolt (1880)

-German Unification War (1880-4)

-1880: The Tellian Republic's Legislative Body declares the end of the French alliance; France refuses to recognize this and troops storm in to suppress them; Habsburgs view this as intrusion and declares war on France though it has secured that Dutch and Italians refuse to join in

-1881: Prussia declares war on side of the French, results in controversy at home; Prussian troops invade Bohemia; French troops sweep further into Westphalia with support of their local monarchs to suppress revolts and beginning of trench warfare

-1882: Russia declares war on France; Russian invasion of Prussian Poland & Germans push Prussians out of Bohemia; French invasion of Oldenburg ends up with brutal trench warfare; Russian troops get to western front

-1883: Prussia sues for peace with Russia with minimal border adjustments; monarch of Westphalia abdicates following popular backlash & his son is anti-French; French troops fall vastly back in its wake

-1884: Treaty of London between France and Germany, end of war

-Germany

-Prussia, Jever removed from Holy Roman Empire

-Tellian Republic made an Electorate under the House of Thurn and Taxis

-Holy Roman Empire centralized with arms orgs

-French influence removed from Germany, with exception of Rhine organization

-Customs Union expanded across Germany

-way opened to making Germany centralized

-Hungarian Revolution (1892-5)

-Rhenish Border War (1892-5)

-1892: Heads of Germany > 1869-1892 Karl VIII (Habsburg) and Heads of Hungary > 1870-1892 Vilmos (Württemberg) assassinated by Hungarian republicans, who declare Hungary a republic; France declares war on Germany in the name of defending the Hungarian people; Russia declares war and invades Hungary in name of the Hohenzollerns

-1893: Britain declares war on side of Hungarians (and thanks to fears of German domination); China declares war on Russia (Russo-Chinese War (1893-9)), Russia immediately sues with France and Hungary for peace

-1894: Hungary makes massive ground against German troops thanks to Russian exit; Germany forced to divert troops from Rhenish front, French troops make ground against Germans and bombing runs cease

-1895: Germany comes to peace and ratifies enduring peace treaty

-Hungary

-becomes independent as a quasi-federal republic

-Burgenland (incl Pressburg) being part of Germany confirmed

-France

-retreats from German areas, accepts status quo ante bellum

-British Isles

-gets control of German Maoriland, German Iceland, and German Greenland

-Germany's more than willing to trade them away in return for keeping Virgin Islands

-Croatian War of Independence (1937-41)

-Danish War of Independence (1937-41)

-Slovene War of Independence (1938-41)

-1937: Croatian Sabor issues a unilateral declaration of independence and deposes Habsburg, newly elected Ban gathers troops and attacks Habsburg-loyal units; Danish nationalists declare independence from Germany; France declares support and declares war

-1938: Slovene radicals issue declaration of independence in country claiming Carniola, rest of Austrian Goritz, and also get arms from France; German bombers attack French targets; Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen occupied by Germany preemptively; Prussia declares war

-1939:

-1940:

-1941:

-Slovenia

-independence of Carniola, Istria, and Gorizia and Gradisca as Slovene Republic

-despite desires to include Lower Styria, as uprisings defeated, it isn't

-Croatia

-Croatia-Slavonia independent as a firmly reactionary kingdom under regency

-Trieste and Fiume get independence as free cities secured under treaty

-Denmark

-independent, minus Schleswig-Holstein